Z-Table Lookup
Go both ways between z-scores and areas — plus how to read a printed z-table.
z = 1.96 ↔ 0.975 is the famous pair behind 95% confidence.
① Answer
② Steps
③ Why it works
A printed z-table lists P(Z < z) — the area under the standard normal curve left of z. For a right tail, use the complement (1 − table value); for the middle between −z and z, use symmetry: table(z) − table(−z) = 2·table(z) − 1. Going backward (area → z) is what confidence levels and critical values need: find the closest table entry, then read its row + column.